VOLTERRA The earliest references to the city date to Villanovan times, that is to the iron age (9th-7th cent. B.C.). As Velathri, it was for a long time one of the most powerful lucumonies in Etruria. It was so important that in the 3rd century B.C. it had around 25,000 inhabitants and was the last lucumony to fall to the Romans after a siege that lasted two years (81-80 B.C.). The city was quite powerful between the 12th and 14th centuries when it often found itself fighting Pisa, Florence, Siena and San Gimignano for a question of territory and finally fell to the Florentines in 1361.
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