The river Arno cuts its way through the broad plain on which Florence lies, surrounded by the out-hills of the Tusco-Emilian Apennines. Already occupied in pre-historic times, as early as the 8th century B.C. an Italic peoples with a Villanovan culture settled in the area be-tween the Arno and Mugnone rivers, but little is known of these remote times. In 59 B.C. the Roman city was founded with the square ground plan of the castrum.
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